{"id":125,"date":"2025-05-21T08:34:33","date_gmt":"2025-05-21T08:34:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterdesign.ubertconcepts.nl\/livingatlas\/?p=125"},"modified":"2025-06-10T08:12:57","modified_gmt":"2025-06-10T08:12:57","slug":"interviews","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterdesign.ubertconcepts.nl\/livingatlas\/index.php\/2025\/05\/21\/interviews\/","title":{"rendered":"What Experts by Experience Can Teach Us: Lessons from Illiteracy for Design Research"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Research into illiteracy<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We, as Design researchers, are increasingly called upon to address complex, human-centered challenges. Among these is the persistent issue of <strong>illiteracy<\/strong>, a barrier that affects more than 2.5 million people in the Netherlands alone\u2014and millions more across Europe. Yet in the rush to innovate and intervene, we often overlook the most important resource available to us: <strong>the people who live with these challenges every day<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In this essay, I argue that <strong>experts by experience<\/strong>\u2014in this case, individuals who are or have been functionally illiterate\u2014offer profound insights that should be central to design research. Their stories reveal not only the hidden systems of exclusion, but also the resilience, intelligence, and resourcefulness that often go unrecognized in traditional research methods.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>A Personal Entry Point into Research<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>My research began in the most personal of places: my own family. My father is illiterate, and I\u2019ve been helping him navigate bureaucratic systems since I was a teenager. Insurance forms, government communication, healthcare documents\u2014tasks that are effortless for some\u2014became daily challenges we faced together.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Growing up, I assumed the problem was the formal language of these institutions. Only later did I understand the deeper reality: my father hadn\u2019t received any education beyond primary school. That realization reframed my understanding\u2014not only of him, but of society\u2019s assumptions about intelligence, success, and value.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Learning from Experts by Experience<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>As I delved into formal research, I encountered work by <strong>Maurice de Greef<\/strong>, chairholder of Adult Education at UNESCO. His essay <em>De laaggeletterde leert het ons<\/em> (<em>The illiterate teaches us<\/em>) reframes the issue: instead of viewing illiterates as people in deficit, he positions them as people with <em>expertise<\/em> in surviving in a literate world. His findings confirmed what I had experienced first-hand: that <strong>shame and silence<\/strong> often prevent people from seeking help or revealing their struggles (De Greef, 2021).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This was further affirmed by the work of <strong>Stichting Lezen en Schrijven<\/strong> (Reading and Writing Foundation), which highlights how stigma shapes every part of an illiterate person\u2019s life\u2014from healthcare access to job opportunities. Importantly, they advocate for involving experts by experience in public communication projects, encouraging organizations to move beyond token inclusion and instead <strong>co-create<\/strong> with those directly affected.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>One of the most emotional and meaningful moments in my research came through an interview with my own father. Though I had been helping him for years, it wasn\u2019t until this structured, open-ended conversation that I truly grasped the <strong>daily emotional weight<\/strong> he carried. His vulnerability gave me a new sense of responsibility\u2014not only as a daughter, but as a designer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The Legacy of Koos Vervoort<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Another turning point came during an interview with <strong>Koos Vervoort<\/strong>, an advocate and former illiterate who became literate later in life and even published a book about his experience. Though terminally ill at the time, Koos generously agreed to speak at an \u201cexpert lecture\u201d I helped organize. His insights stayed with me long after he passed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cover\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"924\" height=\"923\" class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-123\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/masterdesign.ubertconcepts.nl\/livingatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/4536b629-00da-4d3e-bf88-19aa1c1249c3-edited.png\" data-object-fit=\"cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/masterdesign.ubertconcepts.nl\/livingatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/4536b629-00da-4d3e-bf88-19aa1c1249c3-edited.png 924w, https:\/\/masterdesign.ubertconcepts.nl\/livingatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/4536b629-00da-4d3e-bf88-19aa1c1249c3-edited-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/masterdesign.ubertconcepts.nl\/livingatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/4536b629-00da-4d3e-bf88-19aa1c1249c3-edited-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/masterdesign.ubertconcepts.nl\/livingatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/4536b629-00da-4d3e-bf88-19aa1c1249c3-edited-768x767.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 924px) 100vw, 924px\" \/><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-cover__background has-background-dim\"><\/span><div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-cover-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left has-large-font-size\">Koos Vervoort<br>Illiteracy expert by experience<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>What struck me most was his candidness about <strong>shame<\/strong>. Not only did illiterate individuals often <strong>judge themselves<\/strong> harshly, but they were frequently <strong>judged by society<\/strong> as lazy, stupid, or indifferent. Koos\u2019s story, like my father\u2019s, dismantled those stereotypes. These men were clever, adaptable, and intelligent\u2014just in ways that aren\u2019t always measured by the ability to read text.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As Maurice de Greef (2021) emphasizes, when we center these voices, we don\u2019t just gain emotional insight\u2014we gain <strong>practical, design-relevant knowledge<\/strong>. Experts by experience know exactly where systems break down and where design fails to communicate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Implications for Design Research<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Designers must shift from assuming expertise to <strong>learning from lived expertise<\/strong>. Following Harbers\u2019 (2021) argument for <em>ethical design<\/em>, we must ensure dignity, respect, and inclusion in every stage of the process. This involves more than testing a prototype with users\u2014it means <strong>valuing experiential knowledge as equal to academic or professional knowledge<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This is echoed by Ezio Manzini (2015), who advocates for design as a collaborative social practice. Design, when truly participatory, can expose blind spots and offer new directions that would otherwise remain invisible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Conclusion: Toward Design with, Not For<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The most valuable lesson from this research is simple: <strong>we must design with, not for<\/strong>. Illiteracy is not just a technical problem to be solved\u2014it is a social condition shaped by stigma, structure, and silence. By treating illiterate individuals as <em>co-researchers<\/em>, not just subjects, we unlock their potential as partners in creating a more inclusive world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Their stories challenge our assumptions, expand our empathy, and ultimately make our designs\u2014not just better, but more <strong>just<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>References<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Manzini, E., <em>Design, When Everybody Designs: An Introduction to Design for Social Innovation<\/em>, MIT Press, (2015).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>De Greef, M., <em>De laaggeletterde leert het ons [The illiterate teaches us]<\/em>, Arteduc, (July 2021).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Harbers, M., <em>Ethisch Ontwerpen: Mensgerichte Keuzes in Digitale Ontwikkeling<\/em>, Kenniscentrum Creating010, (2021).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Research into illiteracy We, as Design researchers, are increasingly called upon to address complex, human-centered challenges. Among these is the persistent issue of illiteracy, a barrier that affects more than 2.5 million people in the Netherlands alone\u2014and millions more across Europe. Yet in the rush to innovate and intervene, we often overlook the most important [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-125","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-desk-research","category-research"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>What Experts by Experience Can Teach Us: Lessons from Illiteracy for Design Research - Tanja Ubert - Master Design Research<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/masterdesign.ubertconcepts.nl\/livingatlas\/index.php\/2025\/05\/21\/interviews\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"What Experts by Experience Can Teach Us: Lessons from Illiteracy for Design Research - Tanja Ubert - Master Design Research\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Research into illiteracy We, as Design researchers, are increasingly called upon to address complex, human-centered challenges. 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